Feb 8, 2012 - Last Sunday was Hank Aaron's 78th birthday and for some, an occasion to proclaim Aaron as "The People's Home Run Champion." I took exception to that, in part because I don't know it means to be the "People's Home Run Champion" and, in part, because whatever it means, I knew it was intended to de-legitimize the career home-run record held by Barry Bonds. And again, with nothing more, I knew the effort to de-legitimize Bonds was due to accusations that he used steroids for several years during his playing career with the San Francisco Giants.
Sure, I'm a Giants fan, so say what you will about my bias. In truth, that has nothing to do with my objection to calling Hank Aaron "the People's Home Run Champion." I'm a fan of baseball and baseball history. I understand and appreciate that players, ballparks, rules, playing conditions, drugs, and the health and fitness of players, among other things, have changed over time. And while those factors may affect our debates about who was the best hitter of all time, who was the best pitcher of all time, or even who should be voted into the Hall of Fame, they don't change baseball records.
Baseball records are numbers and numbers are facts.
Once we open up baseball records to debates on how those records could have been, may have been, or might have been different under a myriad of factors, they cease to become numbers and facts. Instead they become judgments about which of these factors are legitimate to consider and which are not. In other words, they become someone's opinion about who holds what baseball record.
So, for example, if Babe Ruth's record of 714 career home runs had never been broken, would we say that Ruth was not the legitimate home-run champion because he played when baseball was strictly segregated? Ruth didn't have to face non-white pitchers or compete against non-white batters? There certainly are arguments to be made about how non-white players may have affected Ruth's home-run totals, but we don't know would have happened. We could have opinions about it, but those opinions couldn't -- and shouldn't -- change the facts.
Ted Williams holds the career record for on-base percentage (.4817), edging out Babe Ruth (.4739). But Williams played his entire career in Fenway Park, a hitter-friendly park. Ruth played fifteen seasons in the first Yankee Stadium, a pitcher-friendly park. Should we crown Ruth the OBP champion?
How should we account for the three years (1943-1945) when Williams served in the Marines during World War II? Or the time he spent with the Navy during the Korean War (1952-53)? If he had played those years, would he still have ended his career with the highest on-base percentage? What about the pitchers who missed playing time to serve in the armed forces during World War II or the Korean War? How did their absence affect Williams' career numbers, if at all?
And what about Bonds and the career home-run record? What if he did take steroids? Do we know how steroids affected his numbers? There's some good evidence that steroids had little effect on Bonds' numbers; others disagree.
What about other factors? Throughout his twenty-one year career, first with the Pirates and then the Giants, Bonds played his home games at pitcher-friendly parks: Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh, and Candlestick Park and AT&T Park in San Francisco. With the Milwaukee Braves and then Milwaukee Brewers (1954-66; 1975-76), Hank Aaron played in a pitcher-friendly park (County Stadium), but with the Atlanta Braves (1967-1974), he played in a hitter-friendly park (Atlanta Stadium).
And what about Aaron's admitted use of "greenies" -- amphetamines that were used by players for that extra energy boost throughout a grueling season? Or that Aaron hit his final twenty-two home runs while the designated hitter for the Brewers, while Bonds and Ruth hit their home runs while also playing in the field?
And so on.
For 130 years, professional baseball has been played in different ballparks, in different eras, using different equipment and under different conditions. There will always be arguments about why one of these differences, or another, diminishes or de-legitimizes a baseball record. But those are arguments based on judgments about the importance of taking this or that factor into account.
The beauty of baseball records -- their very essence -- lies in the simplicity of the numbers. There are no arguments. There are no opinions. There are no judgments.
There are numbers and there are facts.
Baseball records are facts.
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Comments
This is right and wrong
I agree with what you’re trying to say about Bonds – he’s the home run champion. I completely disagree with the angle you’re taking to prove it.
We put contextual limitations on stats all the time. Consider:
- Stats from a game that doesn’t complete 5 innings due to weather are wiped away, as though they never happened.
- The batting average of a player who doesn’t complete the minimum number of at bats is not eligible for the batting title.
- Errors are reviewed after the fact and changed to hits and vice versa.
So you can’t just say what happened is what happened and that’s the end of the story. We constantly consider context in the statistics.
This happens in other sports too. In track, wind-aided records aren’t honored and drug testing has stripped offenders of medals. In amateur football and basketball, recruiting violations have wiped out seasons and championships.
Everything we measure in sports is ultimately based on arbitrary definitions anyway, so don’t act like a baseball fact is a baseball fact and that’s it.
And again, I say this with the belief that Bonds is the home run champ and I believe there’s no legit argument otherwise.
by joet on Feb 8, 2012 12:14 PM EST reply actions
One minor quibble
I know it’s somewhat off-topic from the rest of your comment, but a player with too few PA to qualify for the batting title can have an 0-for-x (with x being the number of PA he’s short of qualifying) added to his line to determine if he wins the title. Tony Gwynn won a batting title this way in 1996.
by GBSimons on Feb 8, 2012 12:22 PM EST up reply actions
Once a baseball record is official, it's fact
You’re raising points about how to deal with things that happen in a baseball game before they are official under the rules. Once the game is official and the scorer has made his final decision, those records are facts.
Baseball doesn’t have wind-aided and non-wind-aided statistics. If they did, I suspect the HR records would look very different. That’s the point, track and field tries to have races run under as similar conditions as possible. Baseball doesn’t — ballparks, weather, time of day, players, rules differ over time. But in baseball, we acknowledge those differences and look to the numbers.
Contributor, Baseball Nation & FanGraphs
Twitter: @hangingsliders
by Wendy Thurm on Feb 8, 2012 1:29 PM EST up reply actions
there's a lot of irony here
Most of the new data in baseball is entirely based on context. We look at pitchers independent of fielding and we incorporate park effects and we ignore stats like RBI, which say a lot more about your opportunity than your ability.
Now you’ve managed to conclude that instead of adjusting for what we know to be inconsistent, we’re supposed to ignore context and just take the numbers at face value? The logical next step to your argument is not that Bonds is the home run king (which is where you’re taking it), but that home runs don’t tell us much about performance because not everyone played in the same ballpark or hitting environment. And that’s why we’ve moved to WAR and xFIP and all the other new stats, to normalize for an uneven playing field.
Are you suggesting that we eliminate stats that assess value independent of context?
And you completely missed my point anyway – making a stat “official” is completely arbitrary. 5 innings, 501 plate appearances, whatever the threshold is – we’re making a decision to ignore things that ACTUALLY HAPPENED. Just like people want to do with steroid users.
Which, again, I don’t agree with, but not for the inconsistent reasons that you’ve described.
by joet on Feb 8, 2012 2:13 PM EST up reply actions
Aaron > Bonds
The people have spoken, and Aaron is considered the REAL home run king. We can’t go down the road of moral relativism when talking about illegal substances, steroids also gave users a much greater advantage than greenies ever did. Big difference in muscle size and ability to recover physically. The fact that Bonds became a much more productive home run hitter while cheating says it all. His incredible numbers in the latter stages of his career are another indictment.
The sad part in all of this is the reality Bonds was well on his way to he Hall before ever deciding to cheat while with the Giants. It was completely unnecessary, and this decision only provided short term gain. Bonds not only tainted his legacy, but damaged the game, not to mention possibly shortening his own life.
We also can’t compare external factors like the color line, or stadiums, or eras, because the individual players had no control over those aspects of the game.
I understand fans of teams like the Giants wish to prop up their own players, but reality says otherwise. 100 years from now, Bonds will still the pariah he is today, while legends like Willie Mays will still be the true heroes.
by SteelStealth on Feb 8, 2012 12:34 PM EST reply actions 1 recs
when did the people speak?
I’m a person, and I don’t remember speaking on this.
Not actually affiliated with whygavs.
by WHYG Zane Smith on Feb 8, 2012 12:58 PM EST up reply actions 2 recs
You missed the point
The post was supposed to be funny. At least I know I laughed.
by Tom Ruane on Feb 8, 2012 2:30 PM EST up reply actions 1 recs
Here's why it matters
I agree with what Wendy is saying, but I think it’s important to remember that the reason we have these numbers in the first place is because they were accumulated during games. Barry Bonds didn’t his 762 homeruns during batting practice or a derby. He hit them during games, when they impacted the games’ results. The Pirates and Giants won or lost games based on what Bonds and his teammates did.
That’s what I think is so misguided about any movement to “strip” Bonds of his record. If you’re going to de=legitimize his homeruns, then you also have to declare the games he hit them in as void. If you do that, then you have to void all of the other stats — by Bonds and teammates and opponents — that were accumulated during those games. Suddenly you’ve changed the number of wins and losses teams had, and altered the playoff picture. And when do you stop?
In other words, you can’t throw out Bonds’ homers without creating a butterfly effect. And when do you stop? Do you discount all of his homeruns, or only the ones you consider “excessive”? How do you decide that?
Baseball’s numbers are sacred not because they measure individual feats of strength, but because they tell the story of what happened during the games. And the games are what matters. I’m personally not willing to sacrifice that.
by chapman_123 on Feb 8, 2012 12:35 PM EST reply actions 2 recs
bravo
Not actually affiliated with whygavs.
by WHYG Zane Smith on Feb 8, 2012 12:59 PM EST up reply actions
Best yet, Wendy.
by Justin Bopp on Feb 8, 2012 12:41 PM EST reply actions
Thanks Justin
Contributor, Baseball Nation & FanGraphs
Twitter: @hangingsliders
by Wendy Thurm on Feb 8, 2012 1:30 PM EST up reply actions
Clarify
I never said Barry Bonds should have his name actually removed from the record books. Other players have cheated with steroids, and it was be cumbersome to go back and make numerous changes.
There simply isn’t any butterfly effect, I’m not suggesting you void the results in those games. Again, too cumbersome. Fortunately, Bonds was unable to deliver the second world title for San Francisco in his only WS appearance. And those were the most important games during his tenure. So people who are diehard Bonds fans, no matter how he tarnished the game, can reflect on those home runs. But the truth still counts for something, even if we don’t like it.
I don’t know why this is so complicated, because of the steroids, Bonds’ records simply are not sacred. Steroids are a completely different level than corking a bat, or cutting a baseball.
If people disagree with me about who the real HR king is, just do a poll. The results will speak for themselves.
by SteelStealth on Feb 8, 2012 1:24 PM EST reply actions
To further clarify, I wasn’t responding to your post. I was responding to a larger, more amorphous movement among sportswriters and fans to pretend that the careers of alleged steroid users never happened.
I won’t argue that Bonds’ record isn’t tarnished, but your statement about steroids being “a completely different level than” other forms of cheating is a matter of opinion. And actually, as has been pointed out before, it was not against the rules of MLB to use steroids until recently. In fact, most of the outrage over steroid use has revolved around the diminishing of past offensive numbers — in other words, that it was more unfair to past players than it was to current opponents, the guys who were supposedly being cheated against.
But the fact is that we don’t know what impact steroids had on offense, just like we don’t know what impact greenies had on Aaron’s record. We also don’t know how many players were using steroids in the years preceding the offensive explosion of the late 90s. We do know that pitchers were also using steroids, so we don’t know why things didn’t level out. We don’t know how much of that extra offense was caused by adding four expansion teams in five years. We don’t know how much of it was caused by a glut of new, smaller ballparks.
What we do know, and what is not in dispute, is that Bonds hit more homeruns in games of record than Aaron or anyone else in the history of Major League Baseball. Look, I don’t like Barry Bonds. I wish he hadn’t broken the record. But I’m not about to stick my head in the sand and pretend that it didn’t happen. Baseball records are interesting, but we shouldn’t think of any of them as sacred because (as Wendy pointed out) the times are always changing. You have to look at statistics in context, or they’re meaningless.
by chapman_123 on Feb 8, 2012 2:06 PM EST up reply actions 1 recs
Baseball is more than numbers
That’s why my argument is based on context, Bonds’ name is above Aaron’s, but most intelligent people know the truth. We have absolutely no evidence with Aaron or anyone else, that increased usage of greenies somehow correlated with his best years. I’ve never seen any medical literature which said greenies increased muscle mass and recovery abilities in athletes. The steroid users did gain bulk and saw their numbers shoot up, the link is apparent. And if everything leveled out during the steroid era, why have we seen the strange coincidence with reduced power levels since testing began? Where are all the stadiums which have pushed back their outfield fences?
Now, it’s true Bonds faced pitchers also on steroids, no question about that. But we just can’t throw up our hands and go down that moral relativism path. Bonds had a important decision to make in the mid 90s, and chose the wrong one. At that moment he decided on short term fame and glory over everything else. Now he’s paying the price for that wrong decision. Consequences are still necessary in life, and we need to deter others from harmful decisions.
On a larger scale, that’s why we have laws. We’re aware people commit crimes, but understand those individuals must pay the price when they are caught. In the case of Barry Bonds, the consequences of his willful actions involve the tainting of his records and legacy(and possible long term health).
Obviously, we don’t forget Bonds played the game, but at least his time with the Pirates didn’t appear to involve the juice. Unfortunately, he alone made the fateful decision with the Giants, thus tainting the home run record. If Giants fans are really being honest, the thought of steroids must be in the back of their minds when watching highlights of that era.
by SteelStealth on Feb 8, 2012 2:30 PM EST up reply actions
It gets even better
At least I appreciate your body of work.
by Tom Ruane on Feb 8, 2012 2:36 PM EST up reply actions
Well, yes. Like half the league was using them.
My boy's got CLOSER MENTALITY!
Pithy.
by Lies and Perfidy on Feb 8, 2012 3:44 PM EST up reply actions 1 recs
Lies and Perfidy
You gotta be more specific, this whole discussion is about one player, Barry Bonds.
I would assume any fan of Ken Cammanti, and other well known users would also think about steroids when looking back in reflection. The case of Bonds is unique, because of the awards and hallowed record he won while cheating. At the time Bonds was being hailed as one of the best ever players, the rumors of steroids were only just that-rumors.
It’s completely irreverent if 30% or 40% of the rest of the league was using, wrong is wrong. Why is this concept so difficult to understand? If we’re going to take the attitude cheating doesn’t matter, legalize everything. It’s great news Bonds is taking the heat, and won’t get into the HOF. We want to deter any young player out there, not to take the easy way out.
by SteelStealth on Feb 8, 2012 4:54 PM EST up reply actions
we really don't.
Suspensions like the one Ryan Braun is currently facing, and MLB’s new “zero-tolerance” policy, and other things enacted by the /actual governing bodies of the sport/, will take care of that. Retroactively taking away Barry Bonds’s records because he wasn’t a shining beacon of morality during a flawed era of the game doesn’t seem like it’d accomplish anything.
My boy's got CLOSER MENTALITY!
Pithy.
by Lies and Perfidy on Feb 8, 2012 5:30 PM EST via iPhone app up reply actions
Here's another baseball fact
The Cincinnati Reds won the 1919 World Series.
While we can’t change that and nobody is asking them to give the trophy back, we’d be doing baseball history a huge disservice to just say…
…and just leave it at that.
There’s a story to tell here. It not a pretty one, but it’s important that future generations of baseball fans understand that story as well as the impacts and consequences the Black Sox scandal had on the game. To just say that the Reds won that World Series and moves on is unacceptable in my eyes – You have to tell the story that goes along with it.
The same duty applies to baseball fans when looking at the current home run record. Once again, as there is with so much of baseball history, there’s a story to tell here. Once again, it’s not a pretty one – But once again, it’s important that future generations of baseball fans understand the story.
Although baseball is full of teams suffering setbacks, it’s also full teams overcoming them. All I ask is for the Rockies to be defined by the latter category.
by RhodeIslandRoxfan on Feb 8, 2012 1:54 PM EST reply actions 1 recs
Good point, RhodeIslandRoxfan
Those 1919 White Sox faced the same question Barry Bonds did many decades later, and like Bonds, chose the wrong path. There must also be consequences for these wrong decisions, or why have standards at all?
by SteelStealth on Feb 8, 2012 2:07 PM EST reply actions
I suppose it needed to be said
Even if it is obvious.
Of course, everything has a context.
And while Bonds unquestionably hit more home runs than Aaron (or Home Run Baker for that matter), 100 different people are going to have 100 different opinions on whose achievement is the most impressive. Unfortunately, most of these opinions are not going to be very interesting.
Certainly the “I am shocked! Shocked to see that there’s steroid use going on in this establishment!” school of argument is naive and simplistic. Yes, steroids were against the law. So is driving 60 in a 55 MPH zone. I find the moral outrage and hypocrisy by these people both humorous and depressing. Athletes have been taught from an early age to look for any edge they can get. Just win, baby. During the 1990s (and before), there was no testing for steroids. Athletes knew they wouldn’t get caught and (at least) thought it could help their performance. And now we’re outraged that a large chunk of these athletes went down that path.
Me? I reserve my outrage for the slackers who let their teammates and fans down by valuing their long-term health more than their short-term success and refused to take them. Thank goodness there were probably so few of them.
And I take solace in my belief that the heroes of my childhood (the Mantle, Mays and Aarons) would have certainly taken advantage of these had they only been available a generation or two earlier.
by Tom Ruane on Feb 8, 2012 3:10 PM EST reply actions 3 recs
That is a DELICIOUS troll.
My boy's got CLOSER MENTALITY!
Pithy.
by Lies and Perfidy on Feb 8, 2012 3:44 PM EST up reply actions
Weakness of your argument, TR
is somehow equating steroids with driving 60mph in a 55mph zone. That’s moral relativism at it’s finest. Using this anything goes logic, let’s start encouraging sabotage of bats by the opposing team!
It goes without saying athletes look for the extra edge and there was steroid use before the 1990s. Of course, it wasn’t as widespread as we saw in the 90s, with the musclebound players of that era. Enforcement was slower than we would have liked, but at least something was eventually done. All sports should have been more proactive, but that’s history. No matter what, we have to have standards, or chaos will ensue.
Never understood the Monday morning quarterbacking point speculating how all the stars in the past would have automatically followed down the path of Barry Bonds. It’s a nonsensical argument based on pure speculation. Steroids were indeed available in the 1960s and 1970s, so I think we would have heard of at least experimentation by now by players during that era. It’s a bad argument to make, because players back then didn’t know the dangers of steroids. The money wasn’t as large, either. Making a definitive statement about players who you once considered to be heroes is a very cynical way of approaching this issue. Mantle did have an addiction problem, but I’m not going to assume the worst from the likes of Mays and Aaron without further proof.
by SteelStealth on Feb 8, 2012 5:30 PM EST up reply actions
For the most part, speculation is all we have
We will never know the extent of steroid use during the age when baseball had an official policy (please don’t use them) and an unofficial one (aren’t all these home runs great?) What we have are a handful of scapegoats and a bunch of hypocritical sportswriters and fans.
Of course, not all laws are the same. Not too surprisingly, you completely missed my point. My point was that people who say" “it was against the law; he broke the law; end of story” are being simplistic and naive. There are laws and then there are LAWS. The laws against steriod use (both inside and outside of baseball) were lower-case laws during those years. People looked the other way. If people associated with baseball had thought it was important, they would have put a testing program into place. Absent such a program, we should have expected these rules to be broken more often than not. How many people would cheat on their taxes if they knew they would never get audited?
Simply put (and it seems that when talking about this topic, simple is about all people understand): by society’s standards, using steroids was no big deal during the 1990s. The potential rewards were great, the penalties non-existent. Of course, players used them. We should save our outrage for something else.
by Tom Ruane on Feb 9, 2012 9:15 AM EST up reply actions
Did people look the other way or did people not know?
Why would people look the other way and then be so outraged about it after? That says to me people didn’t really know what was going on.
And it certainly was illegal to do steroids in America in the 90s.
by aronofsky40 on Feb 9, 2012 9:52 AM EST up reply actions
Three words: Barry Bonds Happened
As long as people we (at least sort of) liked were producing suspicious numbers, I think most of us were willing to pretend things were on the up and up. Baseball and law enforcement officials certainly seemed to have a lax attitude toward these rules and laws. But then Barry Bonds showed us all what would happen if baseball’s best player roided up and suddenly it wasn’t fun anymore. Now we had an arrogant and unpopular player putting up unbelievable numbers and the party was over. Which is fine. We didn’t care before and now we do. What isn’t fine is the retroactive outrage and anger toward these players.
by Tom Ruane on Feb 9, 2012 10:52 AM EST up reply actions
I mean
I didn’t know they were roiding. Call me young and naive. But I would have been against it when it happened and I’m still against it now. And I think a lot of people are probably in the same boat as me. I don’t buy into the narrative that everyone knew what was going on.
by aronofsky40 on Feb 9, 2012 11:10 AM EST up reply actions
The article feels incomplete: Numbers are facts, we need better numbers
Bill James came up with his fancy statistics, creating new numbers for measuring the value of a player and now his numbers are the “go to” ways of evaluating a player’s potential. A current player’s batting AVG is a fact, and the number isn’t a lie, but if he never takes a walk, his value will be lower due to a poor OBP. Numbers aren’t lies and I don’t think we should reorganize the list of homerun hitters due to what era they lived in, BUT we should use new ways of evaluating those numbers. Ted Williams was compared to Babe Ruth in this article and debate was made about the ballparks they played in. No one should change the OBP numbers of either guy, but we should also compare them using batting independent of ballpark. Just making the blanket statement, “the numbers are what the numbers are” is correct. But there are MANY other numbers that relate to the traditional stats like HRs, RBIs, AVG, etc.
by RedHotHollywood on Feb 8, 2012 3:54 PM EST reply actions
Very true
Which is why, for example, Ruth has a higher wOBA than Williams, b/c wOBA takes park effects into account.
But that doesn’t change the batting average or on-base percentage numbers. We now have other, maybe better numbers on which to evaluate “the best.” My point is that certain raw numbers are records — like ERA, HRs, batting average — and we shouldn’t be making arguments about relativity in order to argue about who really holds THAT particular record.
Contributor, Baseball Nation & FanGraphs
Twitter: @hangingsliders
by Wendy Thurm on Feb 8, 2012 4:06 PM EST up reply actions 1 recs
agreed.
by RedHotHollywood on Feb 8, 2012 4:52 PM EST up reply actions
Staff Strikeout records
Love the discussion on hitters and effects of steroids on home run records, and that “the numbers are the numbers.” What about steroid effects on pitching staff numbers and steroid effects on pitchers’ strikeout records? Top strikeout staff in AL history? Cleveland Indians 1964-68.
by Strike Three! on Feb 8, 2012 4:51 PM EST reply actions
Baseball records are facts.
But who was actually the greatest at doing something is an opinion. Bonds may be the factual record holder, that doesn’t necessarily mean you have to think he’s the greatest at hitting home runs in MLB. He just “officially” hit the most. Of course, he also broke the law to do it.
by aronofsky40 on Feb 8, 2012 5:59 PM EST reply actions
Also
Does holding the home run record have any value now that it belongs to a steroid cheat? I think that’s a fair question for each person to decide.
by aronofsky40 on Feb 8, 2012 7:36 PM EST up reply actions
Accusation????
by TTUDUCKHunter33 on Feb 9, 2012 8:53 AM EST reply actions
I may be wrong but haven’t there been many documents in court proving he did steroids or HGH? He even said he didnt “knowingly” take anything (translation: I did them and loved every second of it!!!)
by TTUDUCKHunter33 on Feb 9, 2012 8:55 AM EST up reply actions
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